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- <text id=90TT0394>
- <title>
- Feb. 12, 1990: Money Angles
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Feb. 12, 1990 Scaling Down Defense
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 51
- MONEY ANGLES
- A Tax Cut That May Truly Cost Nothing
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Andrew Tobias
- </p>
- <p> Suddenly there are a lot of tax proposals back on the table.
- This is too bad, because changing the tax law every five
- minutes enriches accountants and attorneys but just confuses
- everyone else. So there's a lot to be said for leaving things
- alone. That's certainly the case if the alternative is the
- President's broad capital-gains cut. A focused capital-gains
- cut would cost far less and accomplish as much or more, and
- without the paperwork. But first a little background:
- </p>
- <p>-- A Texas millionaire in 1981, at the dawn of the
- Reagan/Bush era, was in the 70% marginal tax bracket. Of the
- next $1,000 he earned, $700 went to the Federal Government.
- Today he's in the 28% tax bracket.
- </p>
- <p>-- By contrast, the rich Texan's plumber, self-employed and
- earning $30,000, was in about the 40% marginal tax bracket. Of
- the next $1,000 he earned, $400 went to the government--$100
- or so to Social Security, $300 to income tax. Today he's in the
- 43% bracket.
- </p>
- <p> Into this breach rides Mr. Bush with a plan to cut the
- capital-gains tax as much as 30%. Oh, sure, the wealthy would
- reap 90% of the cash benefit. But those who've pegged the plan
- a giveaway to the rich Mr. Bush calls "demagogues."
- </p>
- <p> All of which would be fine--really--if the plan met its
- stated goal: to encourage investment and thus help America
- grow. But it doesn't. The rich already invest most of their
- money. What else are they going to do with it? Mr. Bush's broad
- capital-gains cut would not persuade the rich--or anyone else--to forgo a second VCR and invest that $300 instead. Yet
- that's exactly the kind of persuasion America needs these days:
- less consumption, more investment.
- </p>
- <p> Under Mr. Bush's plan, the great middle class would
- supposedly be lured to invest because after that $300 had grown
- by $200, say, the tax on the gain would be $15 or $20 lower.
- "Honey! Forget the VCR! The President says that if things work
- out with our investment, we could save $20 on our 1996 taxes!"
- (Bush's other proposal--the family-savings plan--would
- mainly encourage people to move money from their current
- savings accounts into these new ones.)
- </p>
- <p> Liberalizing the limits on Individual Retirement Account
- contributions, by contrast, would give the typical middle-class
- taxpayer an immediate $85-to-$115 tax break for choosing the
- IRA over the VCR, depending on local tax savings, if any.
- </p>
- <p> Either plan--a broad capital-gains cut or liberalized IRA
- deduction--would cost a fortune. (A bargain capital-gains tax
- rate would shake loose revenues at first as investors sold to
- take advantage of it but in the long run come back to bite us.)
- So it may be that given the deficit, we can afford neither.
- </p>
- <p> Yet if the goal is truly to spur investment, there's an
- efficient, inexpensive way to do it: cut the capital-gains tax
- drastically, but apply the cut only to founder's stock (anyone
- who starts or invests in a new company) and to securities
- purchased in a public offering (for example, when a new company
- goes public or when GM issues $1 billion in new securities to
- modernize its factories). And don't make the cut retroactive,
- as the President inexplicably would. How does that help spur
- future investment? Just apply it to investments made from now
- on.
- </p>
- <p> A focused capital-gains tax break would cost little, or
- nothing if it fostered growth, because it would not apply to
- most transactions--barely 1% of all stock-trading volume
- represents purchase of new shares--or to profits on real
- estate, art, gold or the like. Yet precisely because it would
- be focused, it would skew investment toward the things we need
- even more than new malls: new businesses and the expansion and
- modernization of existing ones.
- </p>
- <p> Focused or not, two things any capital-gains tax cut should
- not include are provisions for indexing and a holding period.
- Indexing gains to inflation introduces a whole new level of
- complication and paperwork at a time when taxes are, to put it
- mildly, complicated enough. And it protects the wealthy who
- have assets to protect from inflation, but not the average
- family, with little in the way of assets besides its house
- (already largely sheltered from capital-gains taxation) and its
- retirement funds (sheltered as well).
- </p>
- <p> A long-term holding period would lead investors back to the
- old days of basing decisions on tax strategy instead of
- economics. And it would put a chill on trading, which means
- less liquid markets, especially in small stocks. Liquid markets
- are a prime U.S. asset. A long-term holding period would do
- little or nothing to cure management's short-term perspective,
- since the big market action comes from pension funds and others
- not subject to tax at all. And there are already big incentives
- to holding investments for the long term. You minimize
- commissions and pay zero tax until you sell. Your money can
- compound tax free for decades.
- </p>
- <p> Finally, one must mention the onerous Social Security tax.
- As all but the rich know, it is onerous. But now, with the
- nation running a large deficit, is not the time to cut it. (Let
- alone privatize it, which makes no sense at all. You'd just
- have to pass a new "emergency net" for the millions who,
- despite good intentions, would not manage to save for their old
- age--which was all that Social Security was intended to be
- in the first place.) Cutting the Social Security tax would just
- mean a larger deficit and, on the margin, the purchase of more
- VCRs. Now is not the time for increased consumer spending.
- </p>
- <p> But Senator Moynihan is quite right: in light of the Social
- Security tax burden, it would be outrageous to give rich folks
- yet another broad tax break. It's mind boggling that this
- actually passed the House last term, to be kept from enactment
- only by the Senate. One hopes the Senate, led on this issue by
- the likes of Senators Bradley, Bentsen and Moynihan, will show
- the same good sense again.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-